Parâmetros sanguíneos de potros da raça Crioula / Blood parameters of crioulo breed horse

Com o propósito de estabelecer valores de hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais, fibrinogênio, creatina quinase , aspartato transferase e lactato em potros da raça Crioula, do nascimento até os dois anos, utilizaram-se amostras sanguíneas de 85 animais, divididos pela estratificação etária: Grupo 1 (G1) Até 15 dias de vida (n=70); grupo 2 (G2), entre 16 dias até um mês (n=67); grupo 3 (G3), entre 1 e 3 meses (n=75); grupo 4 (G4), entre 3 e 6 meses (n=64); grupo 5 (G5), entre 6 e 9 meses (n=59); grupo 6 (G6), entre 9 e 18 meses (n=39); e grupo 7 (G7), entre 18 meses até 2 anos (n=17). Foi realizado estudo estatístico entre os grupos pela análise de variância unidirecional (one-wayANOVA), complementada pelo teste de Tukey. Para comparação das médias entre os sexos utilizou-se o teste t de Student. O hematócrito foi significativamente mais elevado até os 90 dias e nas fêmeas do G7. Para proteínas plasmáticas totais, notou-se aumento significativo nos grupos 3, 4, 6 e 7. Os valores de fibrinogênio foram maiores no G1. A CK apresentou maior concentração no G5 e a AST no G7. A AST assumiu valores semelhantes dos 30 dias até os 2 anos. A concentração de lactato foi mais elevada no G3. Conclui-se que na interpretação dos exames laboratoriais de potros da raça crioula, o gênero não interfere significativamente nos resultados, porém a idade deve ser considerada devido à ocorrência de variações relevantes. Recomenda-se que para interpretação sejam consultadas tabelas específicas para cada análise.

Plasma levels of hematocrit, total plasma protein, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, aspartate transferase, and lactate were analyzed in blood samples of 85 Crioula breed foals, from birth to two years of age. The animals were divided into age groups: G1 (up to 15 days of age; n=70), G2 (from 16 days to one month of age; n=67), G3 (between one and three months of age; n=75), G4 (between three and six months of age; n=64), G5 (between six and nine months of age; n=59), G6 (between nine and 18 months of age; n=39), and G7 (between 18 months and two years of age; n=17). These groups were statistically analyzed by one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. Male and female means were compared by Student’s t-test. Hematocrit levels were significantly higher up to 90 days of age and in G7 females. Total plasma proteins increased significantly in groups 3, 4, 6, and 7. The highest fibrinogen levels were found in G1. Yet for creatine phosphokinase, the highest concentrations were detected in G5, whereas those of aspartate aminotransferase in G7. The levels of this enzyme remained similar from 30 days to two years of age. Lactate concentrations were higher in G3. We concluded that the sex of the animal had no significant effect on laboratory test interpretations. By contrast, the age of the animal should be considered since relevant variations were observed with time. Nevertheless, specific tables for each analysis should be consulted for interpretation of results.

Blood parameters of crioulo breed horse / Parâmetros sanguíneos de potros da raça Crioula

Plasma levels of hematocrit, total plasma protein, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, aspartate transferase, and lactate were analyzed in blood samples of 85 Crioula breed foals, from birth to two years of age. The animals were divided into age groups: G1 (up to 15 days of age; n=70), G2 (from 16 days to one month of age; n=67), G3 (between one and three months of age; n=75), G4 (between three and six months of age; n=64), G5 (between six and nine months of age; n=59), G6 (between nine and 18 months of age; n=39), and G7 (between 18 months and two years of age; n=17). These groups were statistically analyzed by one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Male and female means were compared by Student's t-test. Hematocrit levels were significantly higher up to 90 days of age and in G7 females. Total plasma proteins increased significantly in groups 3, 4, 6, and 7. The highest fibrinogen levels were found in G1. Yet for creatine phosphokinase, the highest concentrations were detected in G5, whereas those of aspartate aminotransferase in G7. The levels of this enzyme remained similar from 30 days to two years of age. Lactate concentrations were higher in G3. We concluded that the sex of the animal had no significant effect on laboratory test interpretations. By contrast, the age of the animal should be considered since relevant variations were observed with time. Nevertheless, specific tables for each analysis should be consulted for interpretation of results.

Com o propósito de estabelecer valores de hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais, fibrinogênio, creatina quinase , aspartato transferase e lactato em potros da raça Crioula, do nascimento até os dois anos, utilizaram-se amostras sanguíneas de 85 animais, divididos pela estratificação etária: Grupo 1 (G1) Até 15 dias de vida (n=70); grupo 2 (G2), entre 16 dias até um mês (n=67); grupo 3 (G3), entre 1 e 3 meses (n=75); grupo 4 (G4), entre 3 e 6 meses (n=64); grupo 5 (G5), entre 6 e 9 meses (n=59); grupo 6 (G6), entre 9 e 18 meses (n=39); e grupo 7 (G7), entre 18 meses até 2 anos (n=17). Foi realizado estudo estatístico entre os grupos pela análise de variância unidirecional (one-wayANOVA), complementada pelo teste de Tukey. Para comparação das médias entre os sexos utilizou-se o teste t de Student. O hematócrito foi significativamente mais elevado até os 90 dias e nas fêmeas do G7. Para proteínas plasmáticas totais, notou-se aumento significativo nos grupos 3, 4, 6 e 7. Os valores de fibrinogênio foram maiores no G1. A CK apresentou maior concentração no G5 e a AST no G7. A AST assumiu valores semelhantes dos 30 dias até os 2 anos. A concentração de lactato foi mais elevada no G3. Conclui-se que na interpretação dos exames laboratoriais de potros da raça crioula, o gênero não interfere significativamente nos resultados, porém a idade deve ser considerada devido à ocorrência de variações relevantes. Recomenda-se que para interpretação sejam consultadas tabelas específicas para cada análise.

The correlation between red blood cell volume distribution width and cognitive function in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To observe the correlation between red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW) and cognitive dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis (MH) patients.Methods:Eight MH patients from January 2019 to January 2020 in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University were selected. Among them, 48 patients had cognitive dysfunction (Montreal cognitive assessment scale score<26 scores), and 32 patients had normal cognitive function. The relevant clinical data were collected, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting cognitive dysfunction in MH patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnosis efficacy of RDW in cognitive dysfunction in MH patients.Results:The proportion of diabetes mellitus, incidence of hypotension events and RDW in patients with cognitive impairment were significantly higher than those in patients with normal cognitive function: 43.7% (21/48) vs. 31.2% (10/32), 35.4% (17/48) vs. 25.0% (8/32) and 0.149 ± 0.087 vs. 0.139 ± 0.042, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that diabetes and RDW were independent risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in MH patients ( OR = 2.217 and 3.713, 95% CI 0.548 to 8.968 and 1.952 to 7.564, P = 0.030 and 0.011). ROC curve analysis result showed that the area under curve of RDW for the cognitive dysfunction diagnosis in MH patients was 0.791 (95% CI 0.688 to 0.893), the optimal cut-off value was 0.144, the sensitivity was 66.7%, and the specificity was 87.5%. Conclusions:Elevated RDW is an independent risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in MH patients, and it has a good predictive effect on cognitive dysfunction in MH patients.

Association between the red blood cell distribution width with primary angle-closure glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the changes of the red blood cell volume distribution width(RDW)level and the correlation between them in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG).<p>METHODS: Retrospective case-control study was conducted. A total of 306 PACG patients in Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University from February 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the case group and 126 healthy patients who received physical examination at the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The PACG patients were divided into three subgroups according to the mean defect of visual field(MD): mild(MD≤6dB), moderate(6<MD≤12dB), and severe(MD>12dB). The detailed eye and physical examinations information of the two groups were collected from the medical data platform of Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. The blood sample parameters were detected by automated hematology and biochemistry analyzers. Independent sample <i>t</i>-test, Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA test, Pearson correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were performed in this research. <p>RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the PACG group and the control group in age, gender, body mass index and blood pressure(<i>P></i>0.05). Based on the laboratory results, the mean RDW level was significantly higher(<i>t</i>=2.132, <i>P</i>=0.034)in the PACG group(12.64%±0.96%)than that in the control group(12.45%±0.49%). Moreover, the mean RDW level and the mean hemoglobin(HG)level was significantly lower(<i>P</i><0.05)in the mild PACG subgroup than that in the moderate and severe PACG subgroups. The Pearson correlation analyses showed a positive correlation between the MD and the RDW level(<i>r</i>=0.141, <i>P</i>=0.013), a significantly positive correlation between the IOP and the RDW level(<i>r</i>=0.148, <i>P</i>=0.002), and a negative correlation between the MS and the RDW level(<i>r</i>=-0.154, <i>P</i>=0.007)in patients with PACG. After adjusting for the confounding factors, multiple linear regression analyses showed a positive association between between the MD and the RDW level in patients with PACG(<i>β</i>=1.405, <i>P</i>=0.018, 95%<i> CI</i>=0.240-2.570). <p>CONCLUSION: The RDW level of PACG patients is higer than normal. The RDW level may help to predict the PACG patients' conditions for better treatments.

Study of blood component therapy in obstetrics

Background: Blood transfusion is a life saving measure. Various pregnancy complications and disorders of labor present as risk factors for extra blood loss during pregnancy and cause severe hemodynamic instability. This along with complications due to abortion (spontaneous or induced) and ruptured ectopic pregnancy show up as conditions needing transfusion in the day-to-day practice of obstetrics. In a country like India, limited and fixed resources of blood, forces us to titrate the use of blood and its components. Normally, blood loss during birth is well-tolerated because of changes during pregnancy.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study done at tertiary care hospital. This study is based on study of indoor patients admitted during one year duration. Detailed history and all necessary investigations were carried out. Details regarding blood transfusion were taken indication of blood transfusion, number and type of unit transfused, number of patients given blood components, indications where single unit was transfused. Analysis of the data was done.Results: Anemia followed by antepartum hemorrhage followed by postpartum hemorrhage was the major cause for blood and blood product transfusion. Approximately 60% patients required two units of PCV (Packed Cell Volume) transfusion. Anemia in pregnancy was the major cause of single unit PCV transfusion.Conclusions: A proper knowledge for blood and blood product transfusion is needed to make it available for people who are actually in need and also to decrease the economic burden. Measures to prevent anemia should be implemented. Active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL) should be done to avoid postpartum hemorrhage. Single unit transfusion should be avoided.

A Novel Calculation of Priming Volume and Required Packed Cell Transfusion to Maintain Optimal Haematocrit During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Introduction: Hemodilution during cardiopulmonarybypass is an acceptable method to avoid the complications ofcontinuous flow at the microcirculatory level. Hemodilutionalanemia during cardiopulmonary bypass can lead to inadequateoxygen delivery and, which may result in ischemic organinjury to all the organs especially to the brain, kidney, lungs andliver. Study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a novelformula for calculating priming volume (PV) and requiredpacked cell (PC) volume to maintain optimal hematocrit levelduring cardiopulmonary bypass.Material and methods: This Prospective interventional studywas done on 150 patients who underwent open-heart surgeriesin our Institute from January 2018 to December 2018. GroupA-75 patients: perfusionist’s old protocol for calculatingpriming volume and required packed cell volume calculationand the nadir hematocrit (Hct) during CPB and postoperativeoutcome monitored. Group B- 75 patients: customizednovel formula was applied for calculating PV and requiredPC volume and the nadir Hct during CPB and postoperativeoutcome monitored and both the groups compared.Results: In our study results showed that maintaining optimalHct of 25% (>20%) in adult and 30% (>25%) by using ournovel customized formula for calculating prime volume andrequired packed cell volume was significantly improvedthe nadir Hct from 19.16% to 21.8% as well as average Hctvalues from 19.7% to 23.4%. Complications of Hemodilutionwere significantly reduced in the study Group B. Mortalitywas reduced to 2.7% from 5.3%. Respiratory complicationlike reintubation rate and nonfatal noncardiogenic pulmonaryedema rates reduced from 34.7% to 17%. Coagulopathy withpostoperative blood products requirement reduced from 20%to 7%.Conclusion: Our Study showed that application of this novelformula is very useful and easy for both the perfusionists andthe surgeons in maintaining optimal Hct during CPB therebyimproving the postoperative results following open heartsurgeries.

Gastrointestinal Helminths of Local and Exotic Domestic Fowls in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria

Chicken remains the most intensively reared domesticated poultry species in the animal production industry in Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2016 in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal and malaria parasites of local and exotic domestic fowls. A total of 620 domestic fowls were examined for gastrointestinal parasites in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria, using the flotation technique. Another 16 (10 exotic and six local) domestic fowls were examined for Plasmodium infection and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). Five species of parasites were identified from the domestic fowls which included Ascaridia galli (54.2%), Heterakis gallinarum (15.5%), Capillaria sp. (8.2%), Raillietina sp. (20.8%) and Syngamus trachea (1.4%). Ascaridia galli had the highest prevalence in both the local (male = 50%, female = 48.5%) and exotic domestic fowls (male = 62.5%, female = 55.7%), followed by Raillietina sp., Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria sp. and Syngamus trachea respectively. Plasmodium sp. was detected in two (33.3%) out of six local domestic fowls and two (20%) out of 10 exotic domestic fowls. The relationship between the PCV and malaria parasite prevalence level in both local and exotic domestic fowls were negative and not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, the relationship between the PCV and malaria parasite prevalence was stronger in the local domestic fowls (R = 0.207) than in the exotic domestic fowls (R = 0.172). It is necessary that public awareness scheme, and prevention and control measures with better management system be introduced in the study area.

Assessment of Blood Storage Effect Using CPDA-1 on Packed Cell Volume, Oxyhaemoglobin and Methaemoglobin in Different ABO/Rhesus Blood Types

Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of blood storage using CPDA-1 on packed cell volume, methaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin in different ABO/Rhesus blood types donated by some residents of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design: This is a comparative study aimed at evaluating the effect of storage on the levels of methaemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin and packed cell volume using CPDA-1. A total of eight donors were recruited with each sample obtained from the eight (8) known blood groups A+,B+,O+,AB+, A-,B-,O-,AB- and analysis of samples were in triplicate. The donors were adult males with age ranging from 35-45 years and they were apparently healthy and free from transfusion transmissible infections. The different blood group samples were stored for 30 days and samples for analysis were collected at 5 days interval. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. All blood donors were residents of Port Harcourt. Blood donated was stored at Military Hospital Blood Bank, Port Harcourt, in a blood bag of 450 ml containing 63 ml of citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 (CPDA-1). The analysis was carried out at Rivers State University, Post Graduate Laboratory within March 1st to May 27th, 2019. Methodology: A total of eight (8) different ABO/Rhesus blood types (A+,B+,AB+,O+,A-,B-,AB- and O-) were collected and stored using a blood bank refrigerator at temperature of 4°C. Day 0 was taken to be control and 5 days intervals in-between to day 30 acted as the test. Packed cell volume was estimated using micro-haematocrit method while oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels were estimated spectrophotometrically as described by Evelyn and Malloy. Results: The result showed a significant decrease in mean packed cell volume, oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels compared to a higher mean of these parameters in the control; and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05) across all blood groups under study. The decrease in values were as a result of haemolysis that occurs during storage. Conclusion: Storage of blood irrespective of the blood group type using CPDA-1 for 30 days indicates that there are “storage lesions”. This is attributed to red cell haemolysis and ageing of red blood cells. In general, all blood types showed no significant difference in their haematological (packed cell volume, methaemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin) characteristic deterioration or storage lesion based on blood type differences. It is therefore necessary to state that storage lesion characteristics are the same irrespective of the blood type, and that fresh blood be transfused, and if blood is stored, prolonged storage beyond 10 days should be avoided.

Antipuritive Effect of Aqueous Root Extracts of Moringa oliefera on Alcohol-induced Haematoxicity in Wistar Rats

Aim: The study is aimed at investigating the antinutritive effects of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera on haematological indices following sub-chronic consumption of alcohol in Wistar rats. Methods and Materials: Thirty (30) experimental rats weighing 100-120 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1, the normal control group was given just rat feed and water, group 2, negative control was administered alcohol only (1.5 ml/kg body weight), rats in group 3, 4 and 5 received combined administration of alcohol 1.5 ml/kg body weight and 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera respectively, group 6 rats were administered 250 mg/body weight of extract only. At the end of fourteen days (14) the experimental rats were then sacrificed, and blood was collected for haematological analysis. Results: The result obtained shows a dose-dependent response in almost all the parameters, white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly(P<0.05) with 600 mg/kg while dose 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/g shows no significant change. Red blood cells (RBC) decreases non-significantly (P<0.05) with increased amount of aqueous Moringa root extract. Likewise, there was also a dose-dependent decrease in the haematological count and more noticeable with 200 mg/kg dose. It was also observed that mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increases in all the treatment groups with significant observed in 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg. The increase in alcohol can bring about suppression of the blood cells production, enhance if there is reduction in the red blood cells, it, therefore, implies that the will be reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells, that would be carried to the tissues as well as the level of carbon dioxide returned to the lungs. Also, the PCV is involved in the transport of oxygen and absorption of the nutrient. Therefore, increase in PCV, shows a better transportation and thus results in an increase in both primary and secondary polycythemias. Conclusion: This research work shows that the plant extract contains some bioactive component or phytochemical constituents that are capable of ameliorating the toxicity effect of alcohol on animal models.

Biochemical and Hematological Impact of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Persons on Antiretroviral Drugs (ARDs) in Nigeria

Introduction: Biochemical and hematological abnormalities are among most common clinico-pathological manifestations of HIV/AIDS infected persons on antiretroviral drugs (ARDs). Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection are known to influence progression and management of HIV infection. Data are limited regarding the impact of ARDs on HIV/HCV co-infected persons in Nigeria. Hence, this study evaluated the biochemical and hematological impact of HCV on prognosis of HIV persons taking ARDs. Materials and Methods: 2,322 HIV infected persons were screened for HCV. One hundred and nine were co-infected with HCV; and were cross-sectional monitored on ARDs for fifteen months at hospitals in North Central Nigeria for changes in clinical profiles. The determination of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Packed cell volume (PCV) and White blood cells count (WBC) estimations were reviewed every 3 months for each of the person using Reflotron plus machine and hematological analyzer according to the manufacturer抯 instructions. Results: The results showed an increase in both HIV mono-infected and co-infected patients, with raised in AST from 18.46�73 to 34.32�6053U/l, ALT from 19.37�6804 to 34.87�5637U/l, PCV from 34.20�2998 to 34.89�4895% and WBC from 3.50x109�0816 to 6.67x109�1204 cells/L and AST from 17.35�1542 to 34.49�0981U/l, ALT from 17.67�1412 to 34.80�15U/l, PCV from 36.74�2902 to 38.37�4399% and WBC from 3.90x109�0251 to 6.19x109�0178 cells/L. Conclusion: It was found that PCV and WBC count values were positively affected despite HCV replication and AST and ALT enzyme levels for both HIV-mono and co-infected persons were slightly elevated. Therefore, efforts addressing viral hepatitis co-infections at the early stage of ARDs initiation under qualified clinician should be of paramount important.

Prognostic value of combination of preoperative platelet and red blood cell distribution width in patients with non-small cell lung cancer / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the correlation of the combination of preoperative platelet and red blood cell distribution width (COP-RDW) with the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The clinical data of 495 patients with NSCLC who underwent radical resection surgery in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from 2004 to 2008 were collected. The optimal cut-off values of preoperative platelet (PLT) and red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW) were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Based on the cut-off point, all of the cases were further categorized into three groups according to the COP-RDW scores of 0, 1 and 2. The relationship between the clinicopathological factors and COP-RDW scores were analyzed by χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test. The survival rate curves were drawn using Kaplan-Meier method, and the differences of the survival curves were compared by log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were performed to analyze the prognostic variables. R esults: ROC analysis showed that the optimal cut-off points of PLT and RDW were 253×109/L and 12.95%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis displayed significant differences among the different COP-RDW score groups. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients with COP-RDW scores of 0, 1, and 3 were 60.7%, 48.7% and 34.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates in the three groups were 62.5%, 45.8% and 28.9%, respectively (P < 0.001). In the subgroup analyses of the pathological stages, COP-RDW score was correlated with 5-year OS rates and 5-year DFS rates of patients at stage I-III. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the pathological stage and COP-RDW score were independent risk factors for the prognosis of NSCLC patients (both P < 0.001). Conclusion: COP-RDW score represents a negative independent prognostic indicator in NSCLC patients, may become a useful marker to predict the prognosis of patients with early-stage NSCLC.

HBsAg Levels Normalized to the Same Hepatic Parenchyma Cell Volume Is Correlated with Pathological Progression but Not HBeAg Status / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To study retrospectively the serum hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg）and HBsAg normal⁃ ized to the same hepatic parenchyma cell volume（HPCV），namely，the same hepatic cell quantities，between HBeAg- positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B（CHB）.【Methods】A total of 168 CHB patients who had undergone liv⁃ er biopsy and test of serum HBsAg levels due to their disease in the Third Affiliated Hospital of SunYat-sen University were selected as the study subjects. The serum HBsAg levels，as well as HBsAg levels normalized to HPCV（hepatic cell quantities）were compared between HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB，respectively.【Results】There was statis⁃ tically significant difference in serum HBsAg levels between HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB（P = 0.028）， while there was no statistical difference in HBsAg normalized to HPCV（P = 0.073）. There were no correlations between serum HBsAg and liver inflammation grades（HBeAg-positive：r s = 0.020，P = 0.876 & HBeAg-negative：r s = 0.037，P =0.711）. Similarly，there were no correlations between HBsAg and hepatic fibrosis stages（HBeAg-positive：r s = 0.087， P = 0.488 & HBeAg-negative：r s = 0.144，P = 0.148）. Nevertheless，statistically significant positive correlations were shown between HBsAg normalized to HPCV and liver inflammation grades（HBeAg-positive：r s = 0.309，P = 0.012 & HBeAg-negative：r s = 0.389，P < 0.001）. Similarly，the HBsAg normalized to HPCV and hepatic fibrosis stages were shown to be statistically significantly correlated（HBeAg-positive：r s = 0.490，P < 0.001 & HBeAg-negative：r s = 0.599， P < 0.001）.【Conclusions】Serum HBsAg normalized to HPCV but not HBsAg levels，is correlated with liver inflamma⁃ tion grades as well as hepatic fibrosis stages positively in both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB. But there is no difference in serum HBsAg levels normalized to HPCV between HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB.

Study on the correlation between red blood cell volume distribution width and protein energy wasting in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中国实用内科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between red blood cell volume distribution width(RDW)and protein energy wasting(PEW)in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in eight hemodialysis centers of Guizhou province in 2018.Clinical data,laboratory values,physical parameters and body composition data of MHD patients were collected. According to the quartile of RDW,the patients were divided into four groups. The differences in the indexes among the 4 groups were compared.Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationships between RDW and the occurance of PEW. The receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC)was applied to evaluate the predictive power of RDW for PEW. RESULTS: Totally 594 MHD patients were enrolled and were divided into 4 groups,value according to RDW quartile(Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4). Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurance of PEW was correlated with RDW in MHD patients. The risk of PEW in MHD Q4 group was 2.583 times higher than that of the Q1 group(95%CI 1.588-4.202, P<0.001). After adjustment for patients' age, gender, DM history,dialysis age,hemoglobin, serum phosphorus, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase,the risk of Q4 group was 2.197 fold higher than that of Q1 group(95%CI 1.306-3.698, P<0.005). Recover operating characteristic(ROC)analysis showed that the optimal threshold for predicting PEW risks in MHD patients was 15.6% with a sensitivity and specificity of 40.35% and78.72% respectively and the area under curve was 0.611(95%CI 0.570-0.650,P<0.0001). CONCLUSION:s For MHD patients,RDW is associated with the occurance of PEW and has the value for PEW.

Value of routine indexes in assessing microcirculation in children with sepsis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective@#To investigate the value of routine indexes of blood, biochemistry and coagulation in assessing microcirculation in children with sepsis, and explore the related mechanism.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 187 children with sepsis from July 2013 to July 2018 in Wuxi Children′s Hospital of Jiangsu Province were retrospectively analyzed. The lactic acid, D- dimmer (DD), platelet distribution width (PDW), red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW), albumin, capillary refill time (CRT), simplify pediatric clinical illness score (PCIS) and prognosis were observed. The children were divided into 3 groups according to the simplify PCIS: non-severe group (simplify PCIS>80 scores, 96 cases), severe group (simplify PCIS 71 to 80 scores, 64 cases), and extremely severe group (simplify PCIS ≤ 70 scores, 27 cases); the children were divided into 2 groups according to the prognosis: survival group (161 cases) and death group (26 cases); the children were divided into 3 groups according to the CRT: capillary refilling better group (CRT<1.0 s, 99 cases), capillary refilling infaust group (CRT 1.0 to 2.9 s, 60 cases), capillary refilling bad group (CRT ≥ 3.0 s, 28 cases).@*Results@#The lactic acid, DD, PDW, RDW and fatality rate in non-severe group, severe group and extremely severe group were gradually increased: (2.281 ± 1.103), (4.839 ± 2.154), (7.019±3.014) mmol/L; (2.103 ± 0.133), (3.632 ± 0.218), (5.179 ± 0.113) mg/L; 0.122 ± 0.010, 0.149 ± 0.011, 0.177 ± 0.016; 0.137 ± 0.012, 0.151 ± 0.018, 0.169 ± 0.021; 2.08% (2/96), 14.06% (9/64), 55.56% (15/27), while the albumin was gradually decreased: (34.21 ± 13.72), (30.38 ± 18.63), (22.37 ± 16.31) g/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). The lactic acid, DD, PDW and RDW in survival group were significantly lower than those in death group: (3.127 ± 1.312) mmol/L vs. (6.837 ± 2.174) mmol/L, (2.473 ± 1.713) mg/L vs. (4.213 ± 1.101) mg/L, 0.124 ± 0.012 vs. 0.170 ± 0.023 and 0.148 ± 0.022 vs. 0.171 ± 0.017, while the albumin was significantly higher than that in death group: (33.59 ± 16.90) g/L vs. (19.92 ± 18.70) g/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or <0.05). The lactic acid, DD, PDW and RDW in capillary refilling better group, capillary refilling infaust group and capillary refilling bad group were gradually increased: (2.362 ± 2.131), (5.312 ± 1.114), (8.121 ± 2.213) mmol/L; (2.072 ± 0.213), (3.923 ± 0.178), (5.317 ± 0.517) mg/L; 0.119 ± 0.021, 0.153 ± 0.012, 0.171 ± 0.011; 0.127 ± 0.021, 0.148 ± 0.015, 0.168 ± 0.027; while the albumin was gradually decreased: (35.37 ± 14.11), (31.21 ± 15.13), (22.87 ± 15.22) g/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The lactic acid, DD, PDW, RDW, ALB and CRT have some value in assessing microcirculation in children with sepsis, and the change of component and construction in microcirculation is the cause of developing of these indexes.

Value of routine indexes in assessing microcirculation in children with sepsis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the value of routine indexes of blood, biochemistry and coagulation in assessing microcirculation in children with sepsis, and explore the related mechanism. Methods The clinical data of 187 children with sepsis from July 2013 to July 2018 in Wuxi Children′s Hospital of Jiangsu Province were retrospectively analyzed. The lactic acid, D- dimmer (DD), platelet distribution width (PDW), red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW), albumin, capillary refill time (CRT), simplify pediatric clinical illness score (PCIS) and prognosis were observed. The children were divided into 3 groups according to the simplify PCIS: non-severe group (simplify PCIS＞80 scores, 96 cases), severe group (simplify PCIS 71 to 80 scores, 64 cases), and extremely severe group (simplify PCIS≤70 scores, 27 cases); the children were divided into 2 groups according to the prognosis: survival group (161 cases) and death group (26 cases); the children were divided into 3 groups according to the CRT: capillary refilling better group (CRT﹤1.0 s, 99 cases), capillary refilling infaust group (CRT 1.0 to 2.9 s, 60 cases), capillary refilling bad group (CRT ≥ 3.0 s, 28 cases). Results The lactic acid, DD, PDW, RDW and fatality rate in non-severe group, severe group and extremely severe group were gradually increased: (2.281 ± 1.103), (4.839 ± 2.154), (7.019 ± 3.014) mmol/L; (2.103 ± 0.133), (3.632 ± 0.218), (5.179 ± 0.113) mg/L; 0.122 ± 0.010, 0.149 ± 0.011, 0.177 ± 0.016; 0.137 ± 0.012, 0.151 ± 0.018, 0.169 ± 0.021; 2.08% (2/96), 14.06% (9/64), 55.56% (15/27), while the albumin was gradually decreased: (34.21 ± 13.72), (30.38 ± 18.63), (22.37 ± 16.31) g/L, and there were statistical differences (P﹤0.01). The lactic acid, DD, PDW and RDW in survival group were significantly lower than those in death group: (3.127 ± 1.312) mmol/L vs. (6.837 ± 2.174) mmol/L, (2.473 ± 1.713) mg/L vs. (4.213 ± 1.101) mg/L, 0.124 ± 0.012 vs. 0.170 ± 0.023 and 0.148 ± 0.022 vs. 0.171 ± 0.017, while the albumin was significantly higher than that in death group: (33.59 ± 16.90) g/L vs. (19.92 ± 18.70) g/L, and there were statistical differences (P﹤0.01 or﹤0.05). The lactic acid, DD, PDW and RDW in capillary refilling better group, capillary refilling infaust group and capillary refilling bad group were gradually increased: (2.362 ± 2.131), (5.312 ± 1.114), (8.121 ± 2.213) mmol/L; (2.072 ± 0.213), (3.923 ± 0.178), (5.317 ± 0.517) mg/L; 0.119 ± 0.021, 0.153 ± 0.012, 0.171 ± 0.011; 0.127 ± 0.021, 0.148 ± 0.015, 0.168 ± 0.027; while the albumin was gradually decreased: (35.37 ± 14.11), (31.21 ± 15.13), (22.87 ± 15.22) g/L, and there were statistical differences (P﹤0.01). Conclusions The lactic acid, DD, PDW, RDW, ALB and CRT have some value in assessing microcirculation in children with sepsis, and the change of component and construction in microcirculation is the cause of developing of these indexes.

Comparative study of hemoglobin and packed volume levels in term and preterm babies delivered in RMMCH

Background: Most existing accounts of hemoglobin values in healthy premature infants covering the early weeks of life were written before many of the errors of such determinations were recognized. Because of these limitations, it was decided to review the normal values for the first three months of life. The results were compared with a small series of readings made on a group of healthy, full-term infants. Aim: To compare hemoglobin and packed volume levels in term and preterm babies. Materials and methods: Sixty pregnant women who came from in and around Chidambaram who fulfilled the inclusion criteria during the period from July 2001 to March 2002 were included in this study. Among them, 50 delivered at term (37 to 42 weeks) and the rest delivered prematurely (< 37 weeks). Hemoglobin and packed cell volume as measured by standardized technique. The results were analyzed accordingly. Results: The estimated mean hemoglobin concentration of the term babies was 10.88 gm% with the standard deviation of 1.5 gm%. For preterm babies, the mean hemoglobin concentration was 10.33 gm% with the standard deviation of 2 gm%. The mean calculated packed cell volume (PCV) of the term babies was 34.03% and the standard deviation was found to be 5%. The mean packed cell R. Manimozhi Malathi, S. Ramesh, R. Aravind Kumar. Comparative study of hemoglobin and packed volume levels in term and preterm babies delivered in RMMCH. IAIM, 2018; 5(9): 54-57. Page 55 volume of the premature babies in the present study was found to be 32.75% with the standard deviation of 6.5%. Conclusion: Anemia of prematurity is a multifactorial anemia characterized by low levels of erythropoietin (EPO), iatrogenic blood loss, low circulating blood volume and lack of erythropoiesis. It is a problem due to the high incidence, associated symptoms and increased transfusion requirements. It is a normochromic normocytic anemia hypo-regenerative that occurs between the 2nd and 6th weeks of age in premature infants with gestational age (GA) up to 35 weeks.

Effects of L-borneol on chloride channel and cell volume in human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effects of L-borneol on the chloride channel and cell volume of human umbili-cal vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record chloride currents. The expression of ClC-3 protein was down-regulated by siRNA interference technique. The cell volume was measured by dynamic image analysis. Results 20 nmol·L-1L-borneol significantly activa-ted chloride current in HUVEC (79.59 ± 4.90) pA/pF, which could be inhibited by chloride channel blockers,NPPB and DIDS. The outward current inhib-itory rate of NPPB was (95.57 ± 2.57)%, while that of DIDS was (97.28 ± 6.36)%. The chloride current activated by L-borneol significantly decreased after the silence of ClC-3 (27.03 ± 3.89) pA/pF. Cell volume was markedly reduced by L-borneol (14.38 ± 1.58)%,which was inhibited after NPPB appliance. Conclusion L-borneol can activate ClC-3 chloride channel in HUVECs, which induces Cl- outflow then cell volume decrease.

Hematimetria manual e automática em jaguatiricas (Leopardus pardalis - Linnaeus, 1758) / Manual and automated blood cells count in ocelots (Leopardus pardalis - Linnaeus, 1758)

Aparelhos de automação, cujo uso está estabelecido na hematologia dos animais domésticos, ainda não são empregados rotineiramente em felídeos selvagens. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar a técnica automatizada na contagem de células sanguíneas de jaguatiricas (Leopardus pardalis), comparando-a com a técnica manual. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de oito jaguatiricas, que se submeteram à contagem de eritrócitos, leucócitos, plaquetas e à determinação do volume globular pelo método manual padrão e por meio do aparelho BC - 2800 VET® com a configuração para gatos domésticos. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio do teste t para dados pareados, e as técnicas submetidas à análise de correlação de Pearson. A técnica automatizada demonstrou resultados estatisticamente semelhantes para eritrócitos e leucócitos. Apenas para volume globular houve diferença significativa entre as técnicas manual e automatizada, mas a correlação foi alta. Apesar de não haver diferença significativa entre as técnicas para plaquetas, a correlação foi baixa. Conclui-se que o aparelho BC - 2800 VET® com a configuração para gatos domésticos é uma técnica confiável na realização do eritrograma e do leucograma para jaguatiricas. Para a determinação do parâmetro volume globular, o aparelho pode ser utilizado, desde que se faça a correção. Para a contagem de plaquetas, a técnica manual é recomendada.(AU)

Automated equipment, whose use is established in hematology of domestic animals, is not yet routinely used in blood cells count of wildlife, due to lack of studies that validate its use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the automated technique for blood cells count of ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), comparing it with the manual technique. Blood samples were collected from eight ocelots, which were submitted to counting of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and packed cell volume by the standard manual method and by the device VET ® 2800 BC with the configuration for domestic cats. The results were evaluated using the t test for paired data and the techniques submitted to Pearson correlation. The automated technique showed statistically similar results to erythrocytes and leukocytes. Significant difference was found only for packed cell volume between the manual and automated techniques, but the correlation was high. Although there was no significant difference between the techniques for platelets, the correlation was low. We concluded that the 2800 BC VET ® device with the configuration for domestic cats is a reliable technique in performing the erythrocyte and leukocyte counts for ocelots. The device may be used to determine packed cell volume, provided the correction is made. The manual technique is recommended for the platelet count.(AU)

Post-transfusion hemoglobin estimation in Filipino children and adolescents using an alternative red cell volume transfusion formula

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:</strong> Conventional red cell transfusion formulae used in clinical practice has shown underestimation of the actual post-transfusion hemoglobin level. To address this problem, we aimed to determine if there is an agreement between computed and actual post-transfusion hemoglobin levels using an alternative red cell transfusion formula.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODOLOGY:</strong> This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Using Morris' formula, the red cell volume requirements of the participants were computed and post-transfusion hemoglobin levels were obtained for comparison.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULT:</strong> Majority of the 116participants belongs to age between 2 to 5 years (39.5%) and female (54.3%). Most common indication was hemoglobin level < 7 g/dL with manifestations of anemia (56%). The computed and actual post-transfusion hemoglobin were in agreement. The increase in hemoglobin had direct relationship to the volume of blood transfused and inverse relationship to the age and weight of the patients.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Using Morris' formula, the computed and actual post-transfusion hemoglobin values were in agreement. The volume of transfused red cells, age, and weight are predictors of the increase in post-transfusion hemoglobin. This formula can be adopted for Filipino pediatric patients and can obviate the need for hemoglobin determination after transfusion.</p>

Evaluation of electrosurgery and titanium clips for ovarian pedicle haemostasis in video-assisted ovariohysterectomy with two portals in bitches / Eletrocirurgia bipolar e clipes de titânio para hemostasia em pedículos ovarianos durante ovariohisterectomia videoassistida com dois portais em cadelas

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the use of bipolar electrosurgery and laparoscopic clipping, and their effects on blood loss and the inflammatory response, during a two portal video-assisted ovariohysterectomy technique (two groups with 10 animals each). Surgical time and blood loss volume were significantly lower in the electrosurgery group. There were no significant changes in haematocrit between groups; however, haematocrit did differ between evaluated times, and decreased 10% from the initial measurement to four hours after the procedure. The inflammatory response was significantly higher throughout the post-surgical period, but without any different clinical signs between the two groups. Both techniques had good application for the two portal video-assisted procedure; however, the bipolar electrosurgery allowed for shorter surgical times, reduced blood loss and a minimal learning curve for the surgeon.

RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou a utilização da eletrocirurgia bipolar e do clipador laparoscópico em relação à perda sanguínea e resposta inflamatória durante a ovariohisterectomia videoassistida com dois portais (dois grupos com 10 animais). O tempo cirúrgico, assim como o volume de sangue perdido foram significativamente menores no Grupo Bipolar. Não houve mudanças significativas no hematócrito entre os grupos, mas entre os tempos avaliados houve redução de 10% do valor inicial até quatro horas após o procedimento. A resposta inflamatória foi significativamente maior durante todo o período de avaliação após a cirurgia, mas sem manifestações clínicas diferentes daquelas apresentadas pelo Grupo Clipador. Ambas as técnicas têm boa execução pelo procedimento videoassistido, contudo, o uso da eletrocirurgia bipolar permite tempos cirúrgicos menores, perda de sangue mínima e menor curva de aprendizado para o cirurgião.